Read Item B below and answer the question that follows - AQA - A-Level Sociology - Question 3 - 2018 - Paper 2

From a Marxist perspective, socialisation is primarily about perpetuating the beliefs and values of the dominant class, which is essential for maintaining the capitalist structure. This perspective suggests that socialisation serves to reinforce class inequality by instilling conformity and acceptance of the status quo in individuals.

1. Understanding Marxist Socialisation: Marxists, like Althusser, argue that schools, family, and media serve as ideological state apparatuses that condition individuals to internalize the values of capitalism. This means that socialisation is not just a natural process but a strategic mechanism used by the ruling class to maintain power.

2. Counter Arguments from Other Sociologists: Other sociologists posit that socialisation also has positive functions. For instance, functionalists believe that socialisation creates cohesion and helps individuals to integrate into society. They argue that socialisation enables individuals to learn social norms that benefit society as a whole, like cooperation and social cohesion, contrasting the Marxist view that focuses solely on oppression.

3. Critical Evaluation of the Marxist Perspective: While the Marxist view provides an important critique of how socialisation can perpetuate inequality, it may oversimplify the complex roles that socialisation plays in society. By acknowledging the benefits of socialisation—for example, the fostering of community values and mutual support—one can provide a more nuanced perspective that combines the critiques of the Marxist viewpoint with insights from other sociological frameworks. This also raises questions about the agency of individuals in the socialisation process, where they may resist dominant ideologies.

4. Conclusion: In conclusion, while the Marxist perspective highlights the role of socialisation in sustaining class structures, it is crucial to balance this view with an appreciation for the diverse functions of socialisation. This calls for a more integrated approach to understanding socialisation that considers both its oppressive and cohesive aspects.