Read Item B below and answer the question that follows - AQA - A-Level Sociology - Question 3 - 2017 - Paper 2

The Marxist perspective argues that socialisation is a mechanism through which the dominant class exerts control over society. It posits that all agents of socialisation, including family, education, and media, work to instill the norms and values of the ruling class in individuals. This creates a framework where individuals internalize these beliefs, shaping their identities in ways that align with the interests of the dominant group.

For instance, the education system can be seen as a powerful agent of socialisation that not only imparts knowledge but also reinforces social hierarchies and class divisions. It often rewards conformity to mainstream values and discourages critical thinking about class-based inequalities.

Contrastingly, other sociologists highlight that socialisation can serve a broader societal function. They argue that it promotes social cohesion and integration by instilling shared values across different segments of society. This perspective suggests that rather than solely benefiting the ruling class, socialisation can contribute to the functioning of society as a whole, allowing for cooperation and stability.

Furthermore, interactionist perspectives focus on the individual's experience of socialisation. They emphasize the importance of personal relationships and social interactions in shaping one's sense of self. This idea counteracts the Marxist view by suggesting that individuals do not merely accept imposed beliefs but actively engage with them. Through interactions, individuals negotiate their identities, which can lead to a diversity of beliefs and values rather than a monolithic acceptance of dominant ideology.

In summary, while the Marxist view emphasizes the control exerted by the dominant class through socialisation, it is essential to consider the perspectives that highlight the positive aspects of socialisation in promoting societal stability and individual agency.