According to modernisation theorists, undeveloped countries should try to copy what today's developed countries did in the past - AQA - A-Level Sociology - Question 18 - 2021 - Paper 2

Modernisation theory posits that undeveloped countries should emulate the practices of developed nations to achieve economic growth. This perspective suggests that by following the historical trajectories of affluent countries, poorer nations can experience a similar 'take off' into modernity.

Advantages of Modernisation Theory:

1. It provides a clear framework for understanding the developmental processes seen in various regions.
2. Historical evidence often illustrates that countries that embrace industrialisation and technological advancements tend to experience significant economic growth, as evidenced in nations like South Korea and Taiwan.

Critiques of Modernisation Theory:

1. Critics argue that this approach may overlook specific cultural, social, and political contexts which influence development. For instance, applying Western models without considering local circumstances can lead to significant economic disparities.
2. The assumption that all countries will follow a linear path toward modernisation is seen as overly simplistic. Factors such as colonial history, governance structures, and existing inequalities can hinder the effectiveness of this model.

Conclusion: In conclusion, while modernisation theory provides valuable insights into the development process, it must be evaluated critically. Countries should consider a tailored approach that integrates appropriate strategies from developed nations while also addressing their unique challenges. This nuanced understanding of development can potentially offer more sustainable outcomes.