Read Item L below and answer the question that follows - AQA - A-Level Sociology - Question 18 - 2022 - Paper 2

To evaluate the sociological explanations of the relationship between development and the environment, one must first understand the foundational theories of development that emphasize economic growth. Early theorists posited that industrialization was paramount for societal advancement, often neglecting the environmental degradation associated with such rapid industrialization. For instance, the modernization theory suggests that as societies progress, they need to adopt Western-style industrialization, which has widespread implications on natural resources.

However, the growing environmental movements and the concept of sustainable development challenge this traditional perspective. Sociologists like Beck and Giddens argue that the risks posed by environmental damage necessitate a reevaluation of development practices. For example, the focus on sustainability pushes the discourse towards alternative development models, such as eco-development or green capitalism, which prioritize ecological balance.

Furthermore, the dependency theory critiques traditional methods by showcasing how peripheral nations face ecological exploitation as a byproduct of industrial infiltration from core countries. This theory urges us to analyze the asymmetrical power dynamics at play between developed and developing nations concerning environmental policies.

In conclusion, while early sociological theories emphasized the priority of economic growth and industrialization, contemporary views stress the importance of sustainability, highlighting the interconnectedness of development and environmental protection. Emphasizing a shift in perspective, the relation should not be a dichotomy but rather a symbiotic interaction that incorporates ecological considerations in development frameworks.