Read Item E below and answer the question that follows - AQA - A-Level Sociology - Question 8 - 2017 - Paper 2

The construction of disabilities can be examined through social perceptions and economic implications:

1. Social Reactions to Impairments

Sociologists argue that the label of 'disability' is often created through societal attitudes and reactions towards individuals with impairments. This perspective indicates that rather than the physical impairment itself being the disability, it is the way society responds that shapes the experience and identity of individuals. For example, if society views individuals with mobility impairments as incapable, it can lead to exclusion from various aspects of life such as employment and social participation. This reaction not only defines the individual as disabled but also reinforces cultural norms and standards that govern acceptability in society.

2. Economic Barriers

Economic structures and policies also contribute to the social construction of disability. Individuals with impairments may face systemic barriers in accessing employment, healthcare, and other essential services, which can perpetuate their marginalization. For instance, if organizations do not provide adequate accommodations for disabled individuals or if insurance policies fail to cover necessary health services, it creates an environment where individuals with impairments are economically disadvantaged. This, in turn, constructs their identities and experiences of disability not just as a personal issue, but as a social and economic reality shaped by external forces.