Read Item B below and answer the question that follows - AQA - A-Level Sociology - Question 3 - 2018 - Paper 2

The Marxist perspective on socialisation emphasizes the idea that it primarily serves the dominant class by instilling their beliefs and values in individuals. This view posits that all agencies of socialisation—family, education, media, religion—are instrumental in reproducing existing power structures, thus ensuring that the social order remains stable and unchallenged.

1. Introduction to Marxist View: The Marxist theory posits that socialisation instills the values of capitalism and perpetuates class divisions. By persuading individuals to accept the dominant ideology, socialisation functions as a tool of control, ensuring that the working class remains subservient to the interests of the ruling class.

2. Agencies of Socialisation: Various agencies of socialisation, such as schools and media, propagate values that align with capitalist interests. For instance, the education system reinforces competition and individualism, which benefits the capitalist framework by promoting a workforce that is compliant and driven by personal gain over collective welfare.

3. Counter-arguments from Other Sociologists: Other sociologists highlight that socialisation can also promote social cohesion and shared values, benefiting society as a whole. For example, functionalists argue that socialisation is essential for creating social order and integration, as it fosters shared norms and values.

4. Critical Evaluation: While the Marxist view presents a compelling argument regarding the perpetuation of class ideologies, it is somewhat reductionist. Not all socialisation leads to compliance; it can also empower individuals to question and challenge the status quo. Moreover, the role of socialisation can vary significantly based on context, cultural norms, and individual agency.

5. Conclusion: In conclusion, while the Marxist perspective rightly underscores the importance of socialisation in maintaining power dynamics, it may overlook the potential for socialisation to also promote critical awareness and social change. Therefore, a comprehensive evaluation should consider multiple perspectives on the role of socialisation in society.