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Read Item H below and answer the question that follows - AQA - A-Level Sociology - Question 12 - 2020 - Paper 2
Question 12
Read Item H below and answer the question that follows. Item H Worklessness affects retired people and those unable to work as well as unemployed people. People wi... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Read Item H below and answer the question that follows - AQA - A-Level Sociology - Question 12 - 2020 - Paper 2
Step 1
Evaluate sociological explanations of the effects of worklessness on people's lives and life chances.
Answer
To evaluate the sociological explanations of worklessness, we first need to understand how work impacts social identity and life chances.
The Importance of Work in Social Identity
Work traditionally has served as a primary source of identity for individuals. According to functionalist perspectives, employment plays a crucial role in shaping self-esteem and social roles. Those unemployed may experience a significant shift in their identity, leading to feelings of worthlessness and social exclusion.
Impact on Life Chances
Worklessness can severely affect life chances, as people who are out of work face disadvantages in accessing education, health services, and social networks. Bourdieu's concept of social capital highlights that without the connections gained through work, individuals may struggle to improve their socioeconomic status.
Contrasting Views
However, some sociologists, like Beck, argue that work is becoming less pivotal in modern society. They suggest that alternative sources of identity, such as community engagement or personal hobbies, are gaining importance. This view shifts the focus from purely economic benefits towards broader aspects of well-being.
Evaluation of Competing Perspectives
In evaluating these perspectives, it is essential to consider empirical evidence. Research indicating that the unemployed experience greater health issues and lower self-esteem supports the traditional view of work as a determinant of life chances. Conversely, evidence from post-industrial societies, where gig economies are common, suggests a move away from this paradigm.
Conclusion
In summary, while traditional sociological explanations emphasize the negative effects of worklessness on identity and life chances, emerging viewpoints suggest a nuanced understanding. The relevance of work varies across different societal contexts, indicating that the significance of worklessness is complex and may evolve over time.