Read Item G below and answer the question that follows - AQA - A-Level Sociology - Question 11 - 2019 - Paper 2

Effect 1: Universal Benefits

The social democratic approach aims to provide universal benefits, ensuring that every citizen has access to essential services, such as healthcare and education. This can lead to increased overall well-being and social equity, as it reduces the gap between different socioeconomic classes. For instance, the availability of universal healthcare can alleviate financial burdens on families, allowing them to allocate their resources towards other needs, such as housing or education. By promoting a healthier population, the approach can contribute to a more productive workforce and ultimately enhance economic growth.

Effect 2: Dependency Concerns

Conversely, the emphasis on extensive welfare provisions can foster a sense of dependency on the state. Critics argue that when citizens rely heavily on social benefits, it may deter them from seeking employment or improving their economic situation. This notion of a 'nanny state' raises concerns about individual responsibility and self-sufficiency. For example, if individuals perceive welfare as a comfortable alternative to work, this could perpetuate cycles of poverty and dependence, ultimately straining public resources and leading to critiques about the sustainability of such a welfare model.