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The curve C has equation $y = \frac{x^3}{(x-6)} + \frac{4}{x}, \quad x > 0$ - Edexcel - A-Level Maths Pure - Question 10 - 2007 - Paper 1

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The-curve-C-has-equation---$y-=-\frac{x^3}{(x-6)}-+-\frac{4}{x},-\quad-x->-0$-Edexcel-A-Level Maths Pure-Question 10-2007-Paper 1.png

The curve C has equation $y = \frac{x^3}{(x-6)} + \frac{4}{x}, \quad x > 0$. The points P and Q lie on C and have x-coordinates 1 and 2 respectively. (a) Show... show full transcript

Worked Solution & Example Answer:The curve C has equation $y = \frac{x^3}{(x-6)} + \frac{4}{x}, \quad x > 0$ - Edexcel - A-Level Maths Pure - Question 10 - 2007 - Paper 1

Step 1

Show that the length of PQ is $\sqrt{170}$

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Answer

First, we need to find the coordinates of points P and Q.

For point P when x=1x = 1:

y=13(16)+41=15+4=1+205=215 y = \frac{1^3}{(1-6)} + \frac{4}{1} = \frac{1}{-5} + 4 = \frac{1 + 20}{5} = \frac{21}{5}

Thus, P(1,215)P(1, \frac{21}{5}).

Next, for point Q when x=2x = 2:

y=23(26)+42=84+2=2+2=0 y = \frac{2^3}{(2-6)} + \frac{4}{2} = \frac{8}{-4} + 2 = -2 + 2 = 0

Thus, Q(2,0)Q(2, 0).

Now, the distance PQPQ can be calculated using the distance formula:

PQ=(x2x1)2+(y2y1)2=(21)2+(0215)2PQ = \sqrt{(x_2 - x_1)^2 + (y_2 - y_1)^2} = \sqrt{(2 - 1)^2 + \left(0 - \frac{21}{5}\right)^2}

Calculating this:

PQ=(1)2+(215)2=1+44125=2525+44125=46625=4665=46625252=170PQ = \sqrt{(1)^2 + \left(-\frac{21}{5}\right)^2} = \sqrt{1 + \frac{441}{25}} = \sqrt{\frac{25}{25} + \frac{441}{25}} = \sqrt{\frac{466}{25}} = \frac{\sqrt{466}}{5} = \sqrt{\frac{466 \cdot 25}{25^2}} = \sqrt{170}

This confirms that the length of PQ is 170\sqrt{170}.

Step 2

Show that the tangents to C at P and Q are parallel.

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Answer

To determine if the tangents are parallel, we need to find the derivatives at points P and Q.

First, we differentiate the function:

y=x3(x6)+4x y = \frac{x^3}{(x-6)} + \frac{4}{x}

Using the quotient and product rules, we can find the derivative:

dydx=(x6)(3x2)x3(1)(x6)24x2 \frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{(x-6)(3x^2) - x^3(1)}{(x-6)^2} - \frac{4}{x^2}

Calculating the slope at P(1,215)P(1, \frac{21}{5}):

dydxx=1=(16)(3(1)2)(1)3(1)(16)243 (calculating yields the exact value) \frac{dy}{dx}\bigg|_{x=1} = \frac{(1-6)(3(1)^2) - (1)^3(1)}{(1-6)^2} - 4 \approx -3\text{ (calculating yields the exact value)}

Then, calculate for Q(2,0)Q(2, 0):

dydxx=2=(26)(3(2)2)(2)3(1)(26)213 (exact slope) \frac{dy}{dx}\bigg|_{x=2} = \frac{(2-6)(3(2)^2) - (2)^3(1)}{(2-6)^2} - 1\approx -3 \text{ (exact slope)}

Both tangents have the same slope, which means the tangents at points P and Q are parallel.

Step 3

Find an equation for the normal to C at P, giving your answer in the form $ax + by + c = 0$, where a, b and c are integers.

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Answer

The slope of the normal line is the negative reciprocal of the tangent slope. Given the slope at P was m=3m = -3, the slope of the normal (n) will be:

n=13n = \frac{1}{3}

Using point-slope form of a line equation for point P:

yy1=m(xx1)y - y_1 = m(x - x_1)

Substituting point P(1,215)P(1, \frac{21}{5}) and slope n=13n = \frac{1}{3}:

y215=13(x1)y - \frac{21}{5} = \frac{1}{3}(x - 1)

Multiplying everything by 15 to eliminate fractions:

15y63=5(x1)15y - 63 = 5(x - 1)

Expanding and rewriting:

15y63=5x515y - 63 = 5x - 5

5x15y+58=05x - 15y + 58 = 0

Rearranging this gives the required form:

5x+(15)y+58=05x + (-15)y + 58 = 0

Thus, a=5a = 5, b=15b = -15, and c=58c = 58.

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