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The equation $(p - 1)x^2 + 4x + (p - 5) = 0$, where $p$ is a constant has no real roots - Edexcel - A-Level Maths Pure - Question 6 - 2015 - Paper 1

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The-equation---$(p---1)x^2-+-4x-+-(p---5)-=-0$,-where-$p$-is-a-constant---has-no-real-roots-Edexcel-A-Level Maths Pure-Question 6-2015-Paper 1.png

The equation $(p - 1)x^2 + 4x + (p - 5) = 0$, where $p$ is a constant has no real roots. (a) Show that $p$ satisfies $p^2 - 6p + 1 > 0$ (b) Hence find the ... show full transcript

Worked Solution & Example Answer:The equation $(p - 1)x^2 + 4x + (p - 5) = 0$, where $p$ is a constant has no real roots - Edexcel - A-Level Maths Pure - Question 6 - 2015 - Paper 1

Step 1

Show that $p$ satisfies $p^2 - 6p + 1 > 0$

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Answer

To show that the equation has no real roots, we start by applying the discriminant condition. The given quadratic equation can be expressed in the standard form, where the coefficients are:

  • A=p1A = p - 1
  • B=4B = 4
  • C=p5C = p - 5

The discriminant riangle riangle is given by:

riangle=B24AC riangle = B^2 - 4AC

Substituting the values of AA, BB, and CC:

riangle=424(p1)(p5) riangle = 4^2 - 4(p - 1)(p - 5)
=164[(p25pp+5)]= 16 - 4[(p^2 - 5p - p + 5)]
=164(p26p+5)= 16 - 4(p^2 - 6p + 5)
=164p2+24p20= 16 - 4p^2 + 24p - 20
=4p2+24p4= -4p^2 + 24p - 4
=4(p26p+1)= -4(p^2 - 6p + 1)

For the quadratic equation to have no real roots, the discriminant must be less than zero:

4(p26p+1)<0 -4(p^2 - 6p + 1) < 0
Dividing by -4 (which flips the inequality):
p26p+1>0p^2 - 6p + 1 > 0

Step 2

Hence find the set of possible values of $p$

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Answer

To find the values of pp for which p26p+1>0p^2 - 6p + 1 > 0, we first determine the roots of the quadratic equation p26p+1=0p^2 - 6p + 1 = 0.
Using the quadratic formula:

p=b±b24ac2ap = \frac{-b \pm \sqrt{b^2 - 4ac}}{2a}
Here, a=1a = 1, b=6b = -6, and c=1c = 1:

p=6±(6)24(1)(1)2(1)p = \frac{6 \pm \sqrt{(-6)^2 - 4(1)(1)}}{2(1)}
=6±3642= \frac{6 \pm \sqrt{36 - 4}}{2}
=6±322= \frac{6 \pm \sqrt{32}}{2}
=6±422= \frac{6 \pm 4\sqrt{2}}{2}
=3±22= 3 \pm 2\sqrt{2}

The roots are p1=322p_1 = 3 - 2\sqrt{2} and p2=3+22p_2 = 3 + 2\sqrt{2}.
Now, we analyze the sign of the quadratic p26p+1p^2 - 6p + 1. Since it opens upwards (as the coefficient of p2p^2 is positive), it will be positive outside the interval between the roots:

Thus, the solution set is:

p<322orp>3+22p < 3 - 2\sqrt{2} \quad \text{or} \quad p > 3 + 2\sqrt{2}

Therefore, the set of possible values of pp is:
(,322)(3+22,)(-\infty, 3 - 2\sqrt{2}) \cup (3 + 2\sqrt{2}, \infty)

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