Evaluate the view that the emergence of multiple parties in the UK means that the Westminster electoral system must be changed - Edexcel - A-Level Politics - Question 2 - 2021 - Paper 1

The emergence of multiple parties in the UK raises important questions about whether the Westminster electoral system, which traditionally favored a two-party system, is still fit for purpose. As shown in recent elections, support for multiple parties is now widespread across the country, highlighting a need for an electoral system that reflects the diverse political landscape.

Arguments Supporting Change:

1. Representation of Diverse Views: The current system may not accurately represent the views of the electorate. For instance, the First Past the Post (FPTP) system often results in landslide victories for one party while under-representing smaller parties, leading to a significant number of votes not resulting in parliamentary representation.

2. Increase in Party Support: Given the rise of parties like the Greens and UKIP, many voters feel their choices are not effectively represented. A proportional representation system could ensure that the elected body reflects the electorate's true preferences.

3. Candidate Reelection Challenges: The ability of smaller parties to influence policy highlights that a system might need revising to sustain accountability and respond effectively to changing political sentiments.

Counterarguments:

1. Stability of the Current System: The Westminster system has historically provided stable governance. Frequent changes may lead to fragmented parliaments, making it harder to form a majority government, which can cause legislative gridlock.

2. Alternative Voting Methods: There are other voting systems available, such as the Alternative Vote (AV), which could be integrated without completely overhauling the electoral system. This approach could address some concerns without compromising the system's primary functions.

3. Effective Single Party Majority: The ability to deliver clear governance is often better achieved with a single party in power. The current system supports decisive policy-making and accountability, which might be undermined by a shift to multi-party coalitions.

In conclusion, while there are compelling arguments for changing the Westminster electoral system to accommodate multiple parties, there are equally valid points for maintaining the status quo, emphasizing the need for a balanced evaluation.