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Evaluate the view that the various electoral systems in use in the UK make significant differences to party representation - Edexcel - A-Level Politics - Question 2 - 2020 - Paper 1
Question 2
Evaluate the view that the various electoral systems in use in the UK make significant differences to party representation. You must consider this view and the alte... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Evaluate the view that the various electoral systems in use in the UK make significant differences to party representation - Edexcel - A-Level Politics - Question 2 - 2020 - Paper 1
Step 1
First past the post (FPTP)
Answer
FPTP has a considerable impact on party representation in the UK. Under this system, the candidate with the most votes in a constituency wins, which often leads to a disproportionate representation. Smaller parties tend to be underrepresented, as votes for them can be 'wasted' in constituencies where they have no chance of winning. This creates a scenario where only two major parties dominate, significantly affecting the diversity of political representation.
Step 2
Additional Member System (AMS)
Answer
The AMS reform seeks to mitigate the effects of FPTP by incorporating elements of proportional representation. It combines direct constituency votes with regional lists, allowing for greater representation of smaller parties. This system has shown to make a notable difference in party representation, as it enables parties that may struggle in direct votes to gain seats through the list system, creating a more balanced assembly.
Step 3
Single Transferable Vote (STV)
Answer
STV is designed to provide voters with more choices and better reflect the spectrum of political opinions. This system allows voters to rank candidates and thus leads to a more proportional outcome. As such, its implementation has been associated with increased party representation for smaller or minority parties, which may otherwise be marginalized under FPTP.
Step 4
Consideration of Alternatives
Answer
While FPTP tends to amplify the dominance of major parties, its supporters argue that it leads to stable governments that are able to enact their policies without excessive compromise. However, critics argue that the current electoral landscape fails to represent the electorate's diverse opinions adequately. In contrast, systems like AMS and STV are praised for enhancing representation but may lead to fragmented parliaments where coalitions are necessary, potentially resulting in unstable governance.