Evaluate the view that the emergence of multiple parties in the UK means that the Westminster electoral system must be changed - Edexcel - A-Level Politics - Question 2 - 2021 - Paper 1

The emergence of multiple parties in the UK can be seen as a significant reason for reevaluating the Westminster electoral system. Support for many parties has grown across the UK, highlighted in the 2015 elections, with a notable shift seen in the devolved regions where proportional representation systems have been adopted. These systems provide a more accurate representation of political parties compared to the traditional First-Past-The-Post (FPTP) system used in Westminster elections.

One argument supporting the change focuses on the view that tactical voting undermines voter choice. Many voters may feel compelled to vote for larger parties to avoid wasting their vote, thus diminishing the voices of smaller parties. In light of this, altering the electoral system to adopt elements of proportional representation could ensure that all votes carry equal weight and that the diversity of political opinion is represented.

Moreover, when comparing the FPTP system to other electoral systems, such as the Single Transferable Vote (STV), it becomes evident that STV allows for greater democratic expression. Voters can rank their preferred candidates, leading to outcomes that more accurately reflect public opinion.

On the contrary, the alternative view posits that the current Westminster system functions effectively and maintains stability. Critics of electoral change argue that the system provides a clear mandate for governance. The First-Past-The-Post system tends to produce single-party majorities, which can facilitate decisive government action. For instance, in a single-member constituency, the winning candidate represents a more cohesive electorate, further providing stability in a multi-party system where coalition governments can lead to political deadlock.

Additionally, evidence suggests that while the increase in political parties has influenced voter behavior, the Westminster system has adapted over the years. The design of the electoral system may have its flaws, but some argue these are less significant when compared to the potential complications of a more fragmented political landscape that could arise from a shift to proportional representation. In conclusion, while the rise of multiple parties presents valid concerns, one could argue that the Westminster system still provides essential governance and clarity that any new electoral system might undermine.