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To what extent do nationalists have a pessimistic view of human nature? You must use appropriate thinkers you have studied to support your answer and consider differing views in a balanced way. - Edexcel - A-Level Politics - Question 7 - 2020 - Paper 2
Question 7
To what extent do nationalists have a pessimistic view of human nature? You must use appropriate thinkers you have studied to support your answer and consider diffe... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:To what extent do nationalists have a pessimistic view of human nature? You must use appropriate thinkers you have studied to support your answer and consider differing views in a balanced way. - Edexcel - A-Level Politics - Question 7 - 2020 - Paper 2
Step 1
Points for the view
Answer
Some nationalists perceive human nature as inherently flawed. For instance, conservative nationalists argue that human nature is susceptible to corruption, which justifies a strong state to protect the nation.
Nationalists often see a need to belong to a shared identity, which can lead to feelings of exclusion towards others. Expansionist nationalists may exhibit a more pessimistic view, believing that humans are driven by a desire to dominate others, reflecting a fundamental distrust in humanity’s ability to live cooperatively.
Step 2
Analysis for the view
Answer
Conservative and expansionist nationalists emphasize that human nature inclines individuals toward security-seeking behavior. This perspective relies on the belief that humans are likely to prioritize their own nation over the welfare of others, thus marking a pessimistic view of human relations.
Furthermore, this worldview often deems that personal interests tend to erode collective goodwill, reinforcing a negative picture of human intentions.
Step 3
Points against the view
Answer
In contrast, liberal and anti/ post-colonial nationalists adopt a more optimistic outlook regarding human nature. They argue that humans are capable of understanding and fostering connections with others, transcending nationalistic barriers.
This perspective highlights the potential for cooperation and shared humanity, arguing that national identities should not lead to an adversarial stance toward other nations.
Step 4
Analysis against the view
Answer
Liberal thinkers often assert that embracing diversity and global perspectives leads to better mutual understanding. This optimistic stance suggests that nationalists do not necessarily view human nature as inherently selfish but recognize potential for kindness and collaboration that transcends national lines.
This philosophical standpoint contradicts the pessimistic view by emphasizing the roles of empathy and shared values in human relations.
Step 5
Conclusions and judgment for the view
Answer
Based on the above analyses, it can be concluded that certain strands of nationalism, particularly conservative and expansionist ones, hold a decidedly pessimistic view of human nature. However, it’s essential to acknowledge that there are also nationalist views that contest this perspective, suggesting that human beings can aspire to more benevolent relations.
Step 6
Conclusions and judgment against the view
Answer
It is evident that there exists a significant counter-argument against the pessimistic viewpoint held by some nationalists. In reviewing these contrasting perspectives, we can deduce that liberal and anti/post-colonial nationalists contribute a vital discourse that highlights the human capacity for understanding and cooperation beyond mere nationalistic identities.