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To what extent does nationalism have a common view of the nation? You must use appropriate thinkers you have studied to support your answer and consider differing views in a balanced way. - Edexcel - A-Level Politics - Question 7 - 2022 - Paper 2
Question 7
To what extent does nationalism have a common view of the nation? You must use appropriate thinkers you have studied to support your answer and consider differing v... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:To what extent does nationalism have a common view of the nation? You must use appropriate thinkers you have studied to support your answer and consider differing views in a balanced way. - Edexcel - A-Level Politics - Question 7 - 2022 - Paper 2
Step 1
Points in agreement
Answer
Nationalism often exhibits a common view of the nation through various thinkers and ideologies.
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Liberal Nationalism: Thinkers like John Stuart Mill argue that nations have a right to self-determination, suggesting that the collective identity is based on shared values and a common culture. This view emphasizes that a nation is defined by the will of its people, which is often aligned with liberal democratic principles.
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Anti-Colonial Nationalism: As articulated by thinkers such as Frantz Fanon, anti-colonial nationalism underscores a common understanding of identity shaped by shared experiences of oppression. Here, the conception of the nation emerges from collective struggles rather than merely geographic or ethnic criteria.
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Post-Colonial Perspectives: These views push for an inclusive understanding of nationalism that accounts for multiple identities within a nation. Thinkers like Edward Said emphasize that national identity can be fluid and influenced by historical and socio-political contexts.
Thus, many nationalists advocate for a unified view concerning the inherent rights and culture of their nation.
Step 2
Points in disagreement
Answer
Despite the shared views, there are significant divergences within nationalist thought.
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Conservative Nationalism: Thinkers like Samuel Huntington present a more rigid interpretation of national identity that often excludes those who do not conform to a specific cultural or ethnic background. This perspective argues against a universal right to self-determination, suggesting that nations should maintain a homogenous identity.
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Expansionist Nationalism: Unlike liberal or post-colonial viewpoints, expansionist nationalism opposes the idea of self-determination for those considered outside the nation. It often seeks to justify territorial expansion based on a perceived racial or cultural superiority, contrasting sharply with inclusive nationalist ideologies.
Hence, while nationalism may present a common view in some aspects, considerable disagreements exist, particularly around notions of identity and belonging.