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To what extent does nationalism divide rather than unite societies? You must use appropriate thinkers you have studied to support your answer and consider both sides in a balanced way. - Edexcel - A-Level Politics - Question 7 - 2019 - Paper 2
Question 7
To what extent does nationalism divide rather than unite societies? You must use appropriate thinkers you have studied to support your answer and consider both side... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:To what extent does nationalism divide rather than unite societies? You must use appropriate thinkers you have studied to support your answer and consider both sides in a balanced way. - Edexcel - A-Level Politics - Question 7 - 2019 - Paper 2
Step 1
Agreement with the divisive nature of nationalism
Answer
Nationalism often emphasizes the differences between various nations and peoples. Thinkers like Ernest Gellner argue that nationalism arises from modern society's need for a cohesive identity, which can foster exclusion. Gellner suggests that the expansion of nationalism tends to create more exclusive forms that draw sharp lines between in-groups and out-groups. This exclusion can lead to societal divisions and conflicts, exemplified by nationalist movements that escalate tensions among diverse groups.
Step 2
Disagreement regarding nationalism's unifying aspects
Answer
Conversely, proponents of nationalism, such as Benedict Anderson, argue that nationalism can serve as a unifying force. Anderson's concept of 'imagined communities' illustrates how nationalism can evoke a sense of solidarity among people who share common symbols and traditions. Liberals, in particular, promote the idea that an inclusive form of nationalism can bring together diverse groups under a common identity, fostering social cohesion instead of division.
Step 3
Conclusion on the dual nature of nationalism
Answer
In conclusion, while nationalism has the potential to unite people through shared identity and common goals, it can also create divisions by emphasizing differences and superiority over others. The extent to which nationalism divides or unites ultimately depends on the form it takes—whether inclusive or exclusive. Both perspectives highlight that nationalism's impact on society can be complex and multifaceted.