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To what extent do nationalists have a pessimistic view of human nature? You must use appropriate thinkers you have studied to support your answer and consider differing views in a balanced way. - Edexcel - A-Level Politics - Question 7 - 2020 - Paper 2
Question 7
To what extent do nationalists have a pessimistic view of human nature? You must use appropriate thinkers you have studied to support your answer and consider diffe... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:To what extent do nationalists have a pessimistic view of human nature? You must use appropriate thinkers you have studied to support your answer and consider differing views in a balanced way. - Edexcel - A-Level Politics - Question 7 - 2020 - Paper 2
Step 1
Points for the view
Answer
Nationalists, particularly conservative and expansionist ones, often hold a pessimistic view of human nature. They believe that individuals are inherently self-interested and prone to conflict. This perspective is reflected in their views on security and national preservation, suggesting that the state exists to protect individuals from each other. Additionally, conservative nationalists contend that human beings require the guidance of a strong nation, as their natural tendencies can lead to chaos. For instance, the belief that some individuals may exploit their freedoms to undermine societal structures supports the idea of a pessimistic view of humanity.
Step 2
Points against the view
Answer
On the other hand, liberal and anti/post-colonial nationalists maintain a more positive view of human nature. They argue that people are capable of altruism, cooperation, and the pursuit of justice. This optimistic belief fosters the notion that national identities can be inclusive and collaborative rather than exclusive. These thinkers assert that human nature is not solely defined by conflict but is also marked by empathy and the desire for communal progress. The gradual movement towards inclusive nationalism illustrates this perspective, as it shows a belief in the capacity for positive change and understanding among nations.
Step 3
Conclusions and judgment
Answer
In conclusion, while some nationalists indeed have a pessimistic view of human nature, particularly concerning conservative and expansionist notions, there are significant counterarguments presented by liberal and anti/post-colonial thinkers. They emphasize the potential for human cooperation and constructive relationships among nations. Evaluating both perspectives highlights the complexity of national identity formation, suggesting that negativism and positivism coalesce in shaping human interactions within national frameworks.