Excluding committees, assess the means by which Parliament is able to control the executive. - Edexcel - A-Level Politics - Question 1 - 2016 - Paper 2

Members of both Houses, including the Lords, can question ministers. This process can apply pressure on ministers and may influence their political trajectories. However, opinions differ on its effectiveness, with some believing its impact is limited and largely symbolic.

The House of Commons can exert control over the executive by blocking or altering proposed legislation. This is vital to preventing the executive from unilaterally introducing legislation without parliamentary input. However, this ability is heavily reliant on the government majority.

Parliament holds votes of confidence on specific issues related to the executive. A vote of confidence, if not passed, could lead to significant political consequences for the entire government. Therefore, it acts as a tool for accountability.

Both Houses of Parliament engage in debates where the executive is required to justify its actions. These discussions allow for a deeper examination of government policies and decisions, providing a platform for public accountability.

The House of Lords also has the power to approve or reject legislation. Their recent actions have demonstrated their capacity to challenge executive decisions, although there are arguments that their role may be more advisory than effective in certain situations.