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To what extent is the Prime Minister free from effective political constraints? - Edexcel - A-Level Politics - Question 2 - 2016 - Paper 2
Question 2
To what extent is the Prime Minister free from effective political constraints?
Worked Solution & Example Answer:To what extent is the Prime Minister free from effective political constraints? - Edexcel - A-Level Politics - Question 2 - 2016 - Paper 2
Step 1
Those who argue that the PM is free from effective political constraints cite the following:
Answer
- Vast Power of Patronage: The Prime Minister possesses significant powers of patronage, enabling them to appoint and reward supporters, which reinforces their position of strength.
- Incumbency and Party Loyalty: Historically, a Prime Minister is rarely removed from office by their party, indicating a high level of support.
- Media Influence: The Prime Minister enjoys a substantial media presence, which amplifies their political profile and can shape public perception favorably.
- General Election Success: Winning a general election provides critical legitimacy, granting the Prime Minister a mandate to govern with minimal internal opposition, especially when the majority is substantial.
- Parliamentary Dynamics: If the Prime Minister's party holds a large majority in Parliament, legislative constraints are minimized as opposition is weak.
Step 2
Those who argue that the PM has effective political constraints cite the following:
Answer
- Cabinet Disagreements: The Prime Minister can face limitations on policy decisions if large sections of the cabinet do not concur, highlighting the need for consensus within the government.
- Limited Choices: The Prime Minister is not completely free in selecting their cabinet; choices can be restricted by party influences and existing power structures within the party itself.
- Parliamentary Limitations: In certain contexts, Parliament can impose constraints, especially if significant opposition emerges.
- Media Scrutiny: While media can be an ally, it can also act as a powerful check on the Prime Minister, influencing public opinion and policy decisions.
- External Factors: Constraints from the European Union and devolved assemblies further complicate the Prime Minister's ability to act unilaterally.