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To what extent do prime ministers control the decisions made by their government? - Edexcel - A-Level Politics - Question 2 - 2014 - Paper 2
Question 2
To what extent do prime ministers control the decisions made by their government?
Worked Solution & Example Answer:To what extent do prime ministers control the decisions made by their government? - Edexcel - A-Level Politics - Question 2 - 2014 - Paper 2
Step 1
Methods of Control
Answer
Prime ministers exercise various controls over their cabinet, including:
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Agenda Control: They set the agenda for discussions and decisions made in cabinet meetings, prioritizing issues that align with their policies.
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Patronage: By appointing ministers and other key officials, prime ministers can influence the decisions and directions taken by those in power.
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Cabinet Committees: They can establish committees that focus on specific issues, thus guiding the decision-making process more directly.
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Formal Authority: The prime minister holds higher authority than other ministers, making them the chief policy maker, although policies are generally discussed and approved by the cabinet.
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Extensive Department: The Prime Minister has a large department, including the Cabinet Office and various advisers, enabling more centralized decision-making.
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Prerogative Powers: These are powers that allow them to make decisions unimpeded, particularly in matters of foreign policy and military action.
Step 2
Limitations of Control
Answer
Despite their significant powers, prime ministers face numerous constraints:
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Cabinet Override: The cabinet holds collective power; decisions can be overturned by majority vote.
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Events and Crises: External factors, such as economic changes or international crises, can limit the prime minister's control over government actions.
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Party Constraints: Prime ministers must consider their party's views and concerns, particularly if they lack a strong majority.
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Coalition Politics: In a coalition government, the prime minister must negotiate decisions with partner parties, reducing unilateral control over government policies.
Step 3
Case Studies
Answer
Evaluating specific prime ministers provides deeper insight:
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David Cameron: His tenure illustrated how a prime minister can exert control while also being limited by his coalition with the Liberal Democrats, showcasing both the power and constraints faced by leaders.
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Comparison of Leaders: Examining other prime ministers can reveal contrasts in the extent of control exerted. For example, more authoritative leaders may experience greater control over decisions, while those in coalition or minority governments face additional limitations.
Step 4
Conclusion
Answer
In conclusion, while prime ministers possess considerable control over their governments, various factors limit their powers. The extent of this control can vary greatly depending on the political context, leadership style, and specific challenges faced at any given time.