Plant cells and fungal cells are similar in structure - AQA - GCSE Biology - Question 2 - 2022 - Paper 1

The disease caused by a fungus is Rose black spot.

To calculate the number of divisions:

The cell divides every 90 minutes. In 24 hours, there are:
$\frac{24 \text{ hours} \times 60 \text{ minutes}}{90 \text{ minutes}} = 16 \text{ divisions}$

So, the fungal cell will divide 16 times in 24 hours.

Protein is digested in the stomach.

The chemical that could be used to test if the burgers contain protein is Biuret reagent.

When evaluating meat burgers in contrast to meat-free burgers, several factors should be considered:

Nutritional Comparison

• Protein:

  • Burgers made from meat contain around 14.0 g of protein per 100 g burger, which is higher compared to 9.0 g in meat-free burgers. This is beneficial for muscle growth and overall body maintenance.

• Fat:

  • Meat burgers contain 16.0 g of fat, which is considerably higher than the 5.2 g found in meat-free options. High fat content can lead to health issues such as chronic heart disease (CHD).

• Fibre:

  • Meat-free burgers provide more fibre (5.5 g) compared to meat burgers (0.9 g). Higher fibre intake aids digestion and may prevent constipation.

Health Implications

• Increased fat and cholesterol in meat burgers can contribute to several health risks including heart disease and obesity, whereas meat-free burgers tend to be healthier due to lower fat and cholesterol content.

Environmental and Ethical Considerations

• Sustainability:

  • Producing meat involves significant environmental impact, including increased greenhouse gas emissions and resource use. In contrast, meat-free burgers often have a lower ecological footprint.

• Ethical Issues:

  • Many consumers choose meat-free options due to ethical concerns related to animal welfare.

Conclusion

In summary, while meat burgers offer higher protein, meat-free burgers are advantageous due to lower fat, higher fibre, and reduced environmental impact. A balanced diet could incorporate both types of burgers, depending on individual dietary needs and values.