Reproduction can produce offspring which are:
- genetically different
or
- genetically identical - AQA - GCSE Biology - Question 9 - 2023 - Paper 2
Question 9
Reproduction can produce offspring which are:
- genetically different
or
- genetically identical.
Farmers grow tomato plants in greenhouses.
The tomatoes are sold ... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Reproduction can produce offspring which are:
- genetically different
or
- genetically identical - AQA - GCSE Biology - Question 9 - 2023 - Paper 2
Step 1
Suggest one advantage of growing tomato plants that are genetically different.
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Answer
One advantage of growing genetically different tomato plants is that they can have a variation in flavor or color, which can attract different customers and meet diverse market demands.
Step 2
Suggest one advantage of growing tomato plants that are genetically identical.
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Answer
An advantage of growing genetically identical tomato plants is that they all have a uniform growth rate and yield, making harvests easier and more predictable.
Step 3
What is tissue culture?
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Tissue culture is a technique where a group of cells are grown in a controlled environment to produce new organisms, often used to propagate genetically identical plants.
Step 4
Give one reason why.
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Answer
One reason genetically identical tomato plants may not grow to the same height is due to variations in environmental conditions such as water availability, nutrient levels, or light exposure.
Step 5
Complete the Punnett square diagram in Figure 15.
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Answer
The completed Punnett square diagram would show the arrangement of X and Y gametes:
Female
X | X
----------------
| XY | XY
----------------
Male | XX | XY
| YY | XY
This indicates the possible genotypes of the offspring.
Step 6
Why might you expect there to be three male offspring and three female offspring?
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You might expect three male and three female offspring because the Punnett square shows equal probabilities of X and Y sperm fertilizing the egg, leading to a ratio of 1:1.
Step 7
Give the reason the farmer used a large number of chickens.
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The farmer used a large number of chickens to ensure a more valid and representative mean result, reducing the effect of anomalies from smaller sample sizes.
Step 8
Suggest two factors that could affect the chickens' growth rates in the experiment.
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Answer
Two factors that could affect the growth rates of the chickens include:
The type of food provided, as nutrient quality can significantly impact growth.
The temperature of the environment, which can influence metabolic rates and overall health.
Step 9
Describe how selective breeding of chicken varieties A and B can produce the new variety of chicken.
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Selective breeding of chicken varieties A and B involves crossing individuals to produce offspring that exhibit desirable traits such as high egg production and fast growth. The farmer would choose the best offspring from these crosses and breed them together, repeating this process over several generations to stabilize and enhance the traits in the new variety.
