This question is about structure and bonding - AQA - GCSE Chemistry Combined Science - Question 5 - 2022 - Paper 1

One property that makes the carbon molecule in Figure 5 useful in nanotechnology is its ability to conduct electricity.

Other metals are added to aluminium because they have different sizes compared to aluminium atoms. This difference causes distortion in the arrangement of aluminium atoms, which results in layers that cannot slide over one another easily. This enhances the strength of the alloy, making it more resistant to deformation.

In the polymer, the bonding within the chains consists of strong covalent bonds between the atoms. These bonds hold the atoms together tightly. In contrast, the forces between the chains are intermolecular forces, which are much weaker than covalent bonds. This difference in strength allows for flexibility and movement between polymer chains while maintaining structural integrity.