Titanium is a transition metal - AQA - GCSE Chemistry - Question 8 - 2018 - Paper 1
Question 8
Titanium is a transition metal.
Titanium is extracted from titanium dioxide in a two stage industrial process.
Stage 1
TiO₂ + 2 C + 2 Cl₂ → TiCl₄ + 2 CO
Stage 2
T... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Titanium is a transition metal - AQA - GCSE Chemistry - Question 8 - 2018 - Paper 1
Step 1
Suggest one hazard associated with Stage 1.
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Answer
One hazard associated with Stage 1 is that chlorine is toxic, and thus, can pose health risks if inhaled or contacted.
Step 2
Give one reason why it would be hazardous if water came into contact with sodium.
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Water is hazardous when it comes into contact with sodium because it produces hydrogen gas, which is explosive and can lead to violent reactions.
Step 3
Suggest why the reaction in Stage 2 is carried out in an atmosphere of argon and not in air.
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The reaction in Stage 2 is carried out in an atmosphere of argon because argon is inert and does not react with sodium or titanium chloride, preventing unwanted side reactions that could occur with oxygen or moisture in the air.
Step 4
Explain why you would not expect titanium chloride to be a liquid at room temperature.
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One might not expect titanium chloride to be a liquid at room temperature because most metal chlorides tend to be ionic compounds, which generally have high melting points due to strong ionic bonds. However, titanium chloride can have molecular characteristics under certain conditions, allowing it to be a liquid.
Step 5
Why is this an oxidation reaction?
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This is an oxidation reaction because sodium atoms lose electrons to form sodium ions, indicating an increase in oxidation state.
Step 6
Complete the half equation for the oxidation reaction.
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Na → Na⁺ + e⁻
Step 7
Explain why titanium chloride is the limiting reactant.
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To determine why titanium chloride (TiCl₄) is the limiting reactant, we can calculate the number of moles required for the reaction with sodium (Na). The molar mass of TiCl₄ is 190 g/mol. 40 kg of sodium needs 20 kg of TiCl₄, which requires more TiCl₄ than is available, making it the limiting reactant due to the insufficient amount available for the reaction.
Step 8
Calculate the actual mass of titanium produced.
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The actual mass of titanium produced can be calculated using the percentage yield:
Actual mass = (Percentage yield / 100) × Theoretical maximum mass = (92.3 / 100) × 13.5 kg = 12.46 kg.
