Methylated spirit is a useful product made from a mixture of substances - AQA - GCSE Chemistry - Question 2 - 2018 - Paper 2
Question 2
Methylated spirit is a useful product made from a mixture of substances.
Table 1 shows the mass of the substances in a sample of methylated spirit.
| Substance ... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Methylated spirit is a useful product made from a mixture of substances - AQA - GCSE Chemistry - Question 2 - 2018 - Paper 2
Step 1
What name is given to a useful product such as methylated spirit?
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Answer
The term used for a useful product such as methylated spirit is 'formulation.'
Step 2
Calculate the percentage by mass of methanol in methylated spirit.
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Answer
To calculate the percentage by mass of methanol in methylated spirit, we first need the total mass:
Total mass = Ethanol + Methanol + Pyridine + Methyl violet
Total mass = 265.5 + 23.3 + 3.0 + 1.5 = 293.3 grams
Now, we can use the formula for percentage:
Percentage by mass of methanol = ( rac{23.3}{293.3} \times 100 = 7.94%) (rounded)
Step 3
Suggest why pyridine and methyl violet are added to ethanol to make methylated spirit.
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Pyridine and methyl violet are added to ethanol to deter consumption or drinking by people, as they have unpleasant odors and adverse effects.
Step 4
Suggest one use of methylated spirit.
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One use of methylated spirit is as a fuel or solvent.
Step 5
Describe how ethanol is produced from sugar solution. Give the name of this process.
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Ethanol is produced from sugar solution through the process of fermentation. This process involves adding yeast to the sugar solution, which converts sugars into ethanol and carbon dioxide, typically under anaerobic conditions.
Step 6
Complete Figure 2.
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The completed Figure 2 for ethanol's structure would show:
H
|
H - C - OH
|
C
|
H
Note that this depicts the hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to one of the carbon atoms.
Step 7
Name the gas produced when sodium is added to ethanol.
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The gas produced when sodium is added to ethanol is hydrogen.
Step 8
What type of substance reacts with methanol to produce methanoic acid?
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An oxidizing agent reacts with methanol to produce methanoic acid.
