Methylated spirit is a useful product made from a mixture of substances - AQA - GCSE Chemistry - Question 2 - 2018 - Paper 2
Question 2
Methylated spirit is a useful product made from a mixture of substances.
Table 1 shows the mass of the substances in a sample of methylated spirit.
Table 1
| Subst... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Methylated spirit is a useful product made from a mixture of substances - AQA - GCSE Chemistry - Question 2 - 2018 - Paper 2
Step 1
What name is given to a useful product such as methylated spirit?
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Answer
The name given to a useful product such as methylated spirit is a "formulation".
Step 2
Calculate the percentage by mass of methanol in methylated spirit. Use Table 1.
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To calculate the percentage by mass of methanol in methylated spirit, use the formula:
ext{Percentage by mass} = rac{ ext{Mass of methanol}}{ ext{Total mass of all substances}} imes 100
Suggest why pyridine and methyl violet are added to ethanol to make methylated spirit.
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Pyridine and methyl violet are added to deter consumption or drinking by people.
Step 4
Suggest one use of methylated spirit.
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One use of methylated spirit is as an antiseptic.
Step 5
Describe how ethanol is produced from sugar solution. Give the name of this process.
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Ethanol is produced from sugar solution through the process of fermentation. During fermentation, yeast is added to the sugar solution under anaerobic conditions (absence of oxygen) to convert the sugars into ethanol and carbon dioxide.
Step 6
Complete Figure 2.
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The completed figure for ethanol would be shown as:
H H
\ /
C
/ \
H-C OH
|
H
This represents the structural formula where the hydroxyl group (-OH) indicates that it is ethanol.
Step 7
Name the gas produced when sodium is added to ethanol.
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The gas produced when sodium is added to ethanol is hydrogen (H₂).
Step 8
What type of substance reacts with methanol to produce methanoic acid?
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An oxidizing agent reacts with methanol to produce methanoic acid.
