Different parts of the electromagnetic spectrum are used in medical imaging - AQA - GCSE Physics Combined Science - Question 5 - 2021 - Paper 2

The part of the electromagnetic spectrum that would have waves with a wavelength of 6.5 × 10⁻⁷ m is visible light.

Both X-rays and gamma rays are types of ionizing radiation and pose some risk of cancer. However, with gamma rays, the whole body may be irradiated, leading to a higher cumulative exposure risk. In contrast, X-rays typically only irradiate part of the body, which can reduce the overall risk. Furthermore, the exposure time for gamma rays tends to be longer than for X-rays, increasing the risk associated with gamma rays.

To find the force, we use the formula:

$F = \frac{W}{d}$

where $W$ is the work done and $d$ is the distance over which the work is done. Substituting in the values:

$F = \frac{1.2 \times 10^{-13} \text{ J}}{0.015 \text{ m}} = 8.0 \times 10^{-12} \text{ N}$

Using tungsten as the metal target is beneficial because it has the highest melting point of any metal. This characteristic allows it to withstand higher temperatures without melting, enabling more energy to be transferred each second compared to using other metals, which enhances the power of the X-ray machine.