Figure 14 shows an electrical circuit used to heat the windscreen of a car - AQA - GCSE Physics - Question 10 - 2023 - Paper 1
Question 10
Figure 14 shows an electrical circuit used to heat the windscreen of a car.
Each resistor in the circuit represents a heating element.
The 12 V battery supplies dir... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Figure 14 shows an electrical circuit used to heat the windscreen of a car - AQA - GCSE Physics - Question 10 - 2023 - Paper 1
Step 1
What is meant by 'direct potential difference'?
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Answer
Direct potential difference refers to the consistent polarity of the potential difference in a circuit. This means the direction in which current flows remains unchanged, allowing electrical energy to be transferred steadily.
Step 2
Which equation links charge flow (Q), energy (E) and potential difference (V)?
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Answer
The correct equation is:
E=QV
This equation relates energy transferred (E) to charge flow (Q) and potential difference (V).
Step 3
Calculate the charge flow through the 12 V battery when the battery transfers 5010 J of energy.
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Answer
To calculate charge flow, we use the formula:
Q=VE
Substituting the given values:
Q=125010=417.5C
Therefore, the charge flow is 417.5 C.
Step 4
Calculate the specific latent heat of fusion of water.
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Answer
Using the formula:
L=mE
Where L is the specific latent heat, E is energy supplied (5010 J), and m is the mass of ice (0.015 kg):
L=0.0155010=334000J/kg
The specific latent heat of fusion of water is 334000 J/kg.
Step 5
Explain the changes in the arrangement and movement of the particles as the ice melted and the temperature increased to 5 °C.
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Answer
As the ice melts, the arrangement of the particles changes from a regular pattern, characteristic of solids, to a more random arrangement found in liquids.
Particle Arrangement: In solid ice, particles are closely packed in a fixed structure.
Movement: As melting begins, the ice particles gain energy, increasing their movement and causing them to vibrate at fixed points.
When completely melted, the particles move freely in the liquid, resulting in a random arrangement.
As the temperature rises to 5 °C, this kinetic energy further increases, leading to faster movement among the liquid water particles.
Overall, the transition from solid to liquid involves an increase in energy and the breaking of fixed arrangements of particles.
