Figure 14 shows an electrical circuit used to heat the windscreen of a car - AQA - GCSE Physics - Question 10 - 2023 - Paper 1
Question 10
Figure 14 shows an electrical circuit used to heat the windscreen of a car.
Each resistor in the circuit represents a heating element.
**Figure 14**
The 12 V bat... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Figure 14 shows an electrical circuit used to heat the windscreen of a car - AQA - GCSE Physics - Question 10 - 2023 - Paper 1
Step 1
What is meant by 'direct potential difference'?
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Answer
Direct potential difference refers to the constant polarity of the battery, meaning that the voltage remains constant and does not change direction. This allows consistent energy transfer in a singular direction within the circuit.
Step 2
Which equation links charge flow (Q), energy (E) and potential difference (V)?
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Answer
The correct equation is: E=QV
This equation demonstrates the relationship between energy, charge flow, and potential difference.
Step 3
Calculate the charge flow through the 12 V battery when the battery transfers 5010 J of energy.
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Answer
Using the formula: E=QV
Rearranging gives us: Q=VE
Substituting the values in: Q=12 V5010 J=417.5 C
Thus, the charge flow through the battery is 417.5 C.
Step 4
Calculate the specific latent heat of fusion of water.
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Answer
Using the equation: L=mE
Where:
E = 5010 J
m = 0.015 kg
Calculating gives: L=0.0155010=334000 J/kg
Therefore, the specific latent heat of fusion of water is 334000 J/kg.
Step 5
Explain the changes in the arrangement and movement of the particles as the ice melted and the temperature increased to 5 °C.
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Answer
As the ice melted, the particles transitioned from a solid state, where they are closely packed in a regular arrangement, to a more dispersed structure typical of a liquid.
In solids, particles vibrate around fixed positions.
In liquids, particles are more free to move and slide past each other.
This movement increases as the temperature rises, enhancing the kinetic energy of the particles. As the ice undergoes melting at a constant temperature while absorbing energy, the energy increases the potential energy of the particles, leading to their movement into a liquid state.
