Figure 14 shows an electrical circuit used to heat the windsreen of a car - AQA - GCSE Physics - Question 10 - 2023 - Paper 1
Question 10
Figure 14 shows an electrical circuit used to heat the windsreen of a car.
Each resistor in the circuit represents a heating element.
The 12 V battery supplies dire... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Figure 14 shows an electrical circuit used to heat the windsreen of a car - AQA - GCSE Physics - Question 10 - 2023 - Paper 1
Step 1
What is meant by 'direct potential difference'?
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Answer
Direct potential difference refers to a consistent polarity of voltage across the battery terminals, allowing the current to flow in a single, fixed direction.
Step 2
Which equation links charge flow (Q), energy (E) and potential difference (V)?
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Answer
The correct equation is:
E=QV
Step 3
Calculate the charge flow through the 12 V battery when the battery transfers 5010 J of energy.
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Answer
To find charge flow, we can rearrange the equation:
E=QV to get Q.
Thus,
Q=VE=12 V5010 J=417.5extC
Step 4
Calculate the specific latent heat of fusion of water.
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Answer
Using the formula for specific latent heat:
L=mE
where:
E = 5010 J
m = 0.015 kg
Thus,
L=0.0155010=334000 J/kg
Step 5
Explain the changes in the arrangement and movement of the particles as the ice melted and the temperature increased to 5 °C.
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Answer
As the ice melts, the particles transition from a solid state, where they are arranged in a regular pattern, to a liquid state, where they become arranged randomly.
Initial Arrangement: In the solid state, the particles vibrate in fixed positions, maintaining a structured arrangement.
During Melting: As energy is absorbed, the particles gain enough kinetic energy to break free from their fixed positions. This allows them to move more freely and adopt a less orderly arrangement typical of liquids.
Temperature Increase: As the liquid water heats up to 5 °C, the kinetic energy of the particles increases, causing them to move faster. Consequently, the temperature remains constant during the phase change, but the energetic state of the particles changes as the total kinetic and potential energy of all the particles increases.
