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Figure 10 shows the concentration of the hormones oestrogen and progesterone in the blood of women of different ages - Edexcel - GCSE Biology Combined Science - Question 6 - 2018 - Paper 1
Question 6
Figure 10 shows the concentration of the hormones oestrogen and progesterone in the blood of women of different ages. (i) Use information from Figure 10 to explain ... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Figure 10 shows the concentration of the hormones oestrogen and progesterone in the blood of women of different ages - Edexcel - GCSE Biology Combined Science - Question 6 - 2018 - Paper 1
Step 1
Use information from Figure 10 to explain why women over the age of 50 are less likely to ovulate.
Answer
Women over the age of 50 experience low levels of oestrogen, which is crucial for triggering the release of Luteinizing Hormone (LH). A surge of LH is necessary for ovulation to occur. Without sufficient oestrogen, there is not enough LH released, making ovulation less likely.
Step 2
Use information from Figure 10 to explain why women are less likely to menstruate after the age of 60.
Answer
After the age of 60, women typically have low levels of oestrogen. This low level prevents the lining of the uterus from building up, leading to less frequent menstruation. Since there is no adequate uterine lining, there is simply nothing to shed during menstruation.
Step 3
Explain how clomiphene therapy may increase the chance of a woman over the age of 50 becoming pregnant.
Answer
Clomiphene therapy works by stimulating the release of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH), which helps in maturing the ovarian follicles. By promoting the development of eggs in the ovaries, clomiphene can enhance ovarian function, thereby increasing the likelihood of ovulation and potential pregnancy.
Step 4
Step 5
Explain how the release of adrenalin can result in the improved performance of an athlete.
Answer
The release of adrenalin triggers the 'fight or flight' response, which prepares the body for intense physical activity. It increases heart rate, boosts energy supplies, and enhances blood flow to muscles, all of which can improve athletic performance. This hormone also enhances focus and decreases reaction time, benefiting performance in competition.