Figure 5 shows how alcohol consumption increases the risk of developing liver cancer - Edexcel - GCSE Biology Combined Science - Question 4 - 2021 - Paper 1
Question 4
Figure 5 shows how alcohol consumption increases the risk of developing liver cancer.
Someone who does not drink alcohol has a 1.0 risk of developing liver cancer.
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Worked Solution & Example Answer:Figure 5 shows how alcohol consumption increases the risk of developing liver cancer - Edexcel - GCSE Biology Combined Science - Question 4 - 2021 - Paper 1
Step 1
Calculate the risk of developing liver cancer for someone who consumes 4 units of alcohol a day.
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Answer
To calculate the risk, first find the total amount of alcohol consumed:
4 units×8 grams/unit=32 grams.
Using the graph, 32 grams corresponds to a risk of 1.2. Therefore, the risk of developing liver cancer for someone consuming 4 units of alcohol a day is 1.2.
Step 2
Describe how cancer develops in the liver.
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Answer
Cancer development in the liver typically involves several steps:
Mutations in DNA: Changes occur in the genes that control cell behavior.
Uncontrolled Cell Division: Cells start to divide rapidly without the usual checks and balances.
Tumor Formation: This uncontrolled growth leads to the formation of a tumor, which may grow and become a mass of cells.
Step 3
Give two safety precautions needed when blood is removed from this person.
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Wear gloves: This ensures protection from any contamination.
Use a sterile needle: This minimizes the risk of infection.
Step 4
State and explain the genotype of female Z.
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The genotype of female Z is heterozygous. This is because she has at least one dominant allele, along with one recessive allele, allowing her not to exhibit the traits associated with haemochromatosis but still be a carrier of the trait.
