5 (a) Cirrhosis is a disease caused by prolonged alcohol abuse - Edexcel - GCSE Biology Combined Science - Question 5 - 2018 - Paper 1

Cirrhosis cannot be spread from person to person; it is caused by factors such as alcohol consumption, not infectious agents.

Exercise increases energy expenditure. When the body uses more calories than are consumed through diet, it results in a caloric deficit, leading to weight loss.

A gastric band reduces the size of the stomach, which limits food intake and increases the sensation of fullness after eating smaller meals.

To calculate BMI, use the formula:

$ext{BMI} = \frac{72}{(1.81)^2}$

Calculating gives:

$\text{BMI} = \frac{72}{3.2761} \approx 21.98$

Rounded to 3 significant figures, BMI = 22.0.

The BMI shows male A is overweight but his waist: hip ratio indicates he is not abdominally obese, suggesting a healthier fat distribution away from the abdomen.