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Cancer Research UK found that many people do not realise that obesity is linked to an increased risk of developing cancer - Edexcel - GCSE Biology Combined Science - Question 6 - 2020 - Paper 1
Question 6
Cancer Research UK found that many people do not realise that obesity is linked to an increased risk of developing cancer. In the body, fat tissue sends signals tha... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Cancer Research UK found that many people do not realise that obesity is linked to an increased risk of developing cancer - Edexcel - GCSE Biology Combined Science - Question 6 - 2020 - Paper 1
Step 1
Describe how this could cause cancer to develop.
Answer
Obesity can lead to cancer development through a variety of mechanisms. Firstly, excess fat tissue secretes hormones and growth factors, such as leptin and insulin, which can promote cell proliferation. This continuous stimulation of cell division may lead to genetic mutations over time, especially in cells that are already predisposed to cancerous changes.
Moreover, chronic inflammation associated with obesity can cause cellular damage and promote the initiation and progression of cancer. The inflammatory environment can also disrupt normal cell signaling pathways, further increasing the likelihood of abnormal cell growth.
Step 3
Determine how the impact of obesity on bowel cancer compares to the impact of obesity on all types of cancer.
Answer
Obesity has a notable impact on bowel cancer, causing approximately 13% of cases. In contrast, it is linked to 1 in 20 cases across all types of cancer. This suggests that the relative risk of developing bowel cancer due to obesity is significantly higher than the average impact of obesity on cancer in general, indicating that individuals who are obese may need to be especially vigilant regarding bowel health.