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Figure 10 shows the concentration of the hormones oestrogen and progesterone in the blood of women of different ages - Edexcel - GCSE Biology Combined Science - Question 6 - 2018 - Paper 1
Question 6
Figure 10 shows the concentration of the hormones oestrogen and progesterone in the blood of women of different ages. (i) Use information from Figure 10 to explain ... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Figure 10 shows the concentration of the hormones oestrogen and progesterone in the blood of women of different ages - Edexcel - GCSE Biology Combined Science - Question 6 - 2018 - Paper 1
Step 1
Use information from Figure 10 to explain why women over the age of 50 are less likely to ovulate.
Answer
Women over the age of 50 typically have low levels of oestrogen in their blood. As oestrogen levels drop, there is insufficient stimulation for the release of luteinizing hormone (LH), which is essential for the process of ovulation. Thus, the lack of oestrogen results in low LH levels, preventing ovulation from occurring.
Step 2
Use information from Figure 10 to explain why women are less likely to menstruate after the age of 60.
Answer
After the age of 60, low levels of oestrogen lead to reduced growth of the uterine lining. Since oestrogen is critical for building up the endometrial lining, its deficiency means that there is little to no lining present to be shed during menstruation. Therefore, women are less likely to experience menstruation as they age.
Step 3
Explain how clomifene therapy may increase the chance of a woman over the age of 50 becoming pregnant.
Answer
Clomifene therapy works by stimulating the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), which encourages the development of ovarian follicles. This therapy can induce ovulation by increasing LH levels, leading to the maturation and release of eggs. Therefore, clomifene can help women over the age of 50 become pregnant by promoting ovulation.
Step 5
Explain how the release of adrenalin can result in the improved performance of an athlete.
Answer
The release of adrenalin, also known as epinephrine, triggers several physiological responses that enhance athletic performance. It increases heart rate and blood flow to the muscles, ensuring that they receive more oxygen and nutrients. Additionally, adrenalin promotes the breakdown of glycogen to glucose, providing a rapid energy source. This hormone also enhances focus and mental clarity, allowing athletes to perform at their best under pressure.