The book 'On the Origin of Species' was published in 1859 - Edexcel - GCSE Biology - Question 3 - 2022 - Paper 1

The statement that is supported by this theory of evolution is that new species evolve over many generations. This reflects the gradual change and adaptation of species over time, as described by Darwin.

One difference between the humerus of the whale and the humerus of the human is that the whale's humerus is more elongated and streamlined, adapted for swimming, whereas the human's humerus is structured for a wider range of motion in the arm, allowing for manipulation and grasping.

One difference between the phalanges of the horse and the phalanges of the human is that the horse has fewer phalanges, with the horse's phalanges being fused to form a single hoof, while humans have multiple individual phalanges that allow for more dexterity in the fingers.

The thinner beak of species A is a result of evolution due to variations in beak shape that occurred as mutations over time. Thinner beaks are more suited for extracting food that is less accessible, allowing these birds to compete more successfully for limited resources. Consequently, the birds with thinner beaks reproduced more often and passed on the alleles for thinner beaks to their offspring, illustrating natural selection and the adaptation to environmental factors over generations.