2. (a) A scientist obtained a mass of 0.0062 nanograms of DNA from a diploid human cell - Edexcel - GCSE Biology - Question 2 - 2019 - Paper 1
Question 2
2. (a) A scientist obtained a mass of 0.0062 nanograms of DNA from a diploid human cell.
Calculate the mass of DNA the scientist should obtain from a haploid human c... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:2. (a) A scientist obtained a mass of 0.0062 nanograms of DNA from a diploid human cell - Edexcel - GCSE Biology - Question 2 - 2019 - Paper 1
Step 1
Calculate the mass of DNA from a haploid human cell.
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Answer
To determine the mass of DNA from a haploid human cell, we need to know that human cells are diploid, meaning they contain two sets of chromosomes. Given the mass of DNA from a diploid cell as 0.0062 nanograms, we can calculate the haploid mass as follows:
First, we divide the mass of DNA from the diploid cell by 2:
extMassfromhaploidcell=20.0062extng=0.0031extng
Next, we convert nanograms to picograms using the conversion factor:
1extng=1000extpg0.0031extng=0.0031×1000=3.1extpg
Therefore, the answer is: 3.1 picograms.
Step 2
State why ethanol is used.
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Ethanol is used to precipitate the DNA, making it visible since DNA is not soluble in ethanol.
Step 3
State two variables the student needs to control when using this method to compare the mass of DNA from these two fruits.
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Mass of fruit (e.g., weight of strawberry vs. kiwi)
Volume of buffer (amount used for extraction in both cases)
Step 4
Give one reason why the student repeated the experiment.
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One reason for repeating the experiment is to ensure reliability and accuracy of the results by minimizing any random errors.
Step 5
Compare the outcomes of mitosis and meiosis.
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Mitosis results in two genetically identical daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell, which is essential for growth and repair. In contrast, meiosis results in four genetically diverse gametes (sperm or egg cells) with half the number of chromosomes, crucial for sexual reproduction.