Describe how the toxin gene from Bacillus thuringiensis is transferred to Agrobacterium tumefaciens. - Edexcel - GCSE Biology - Question 6 - 2016 - Paper 1
Question 6
Describe how the toxin gene from Bacillus thuringiensis is transferred to Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Describe how the toxin gene from Bacillus thuringiensis is transferred to Agrobacterium tumefaciens. - Edexcel - GCSE Biology - Question 6 - 2016 - Paper 1
Step 1
Step 1: Plasmid Preparation
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The process begins with the identification of the plasmid within the bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The plasmid, which is a circular piece of DNA, serves as the vector for gene transfer.
Step 2
Step 2: Restriction Enzyme Action
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Restriction enzymes are employed to cut the plasmid at specific sites. This creates an opening in the plasmid for the insertion of the toxin gene.
Step 3
Step 3: Gene Isolation and Insertion
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The toxin gene is isolated from Bacillus thuringiensis using the same restriction enzymes. The cut plasmid DNA and the isolated toxin gene are then mixed together, allowing for the insertion of the gene into the plasmid.
Step 4
Step 4: Transformation into Agrobacterium
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Following the insertion, the recombinant plasmid is introduced back into Agrobacterium tumefaciens through a process known as transformation. This allows Agrobacterium to carry the toxin gene.
