The organism Agrobacterium tumefaciens can be used to genetically modify tomato plants - Edexcel - GCSE Biology - Question 4 - 2017 - Paper 1

Agrobacterium tumefaciens can be utilized by introducing a plasmid containing the gene for producing flavonoids into its cells. The Agrobacterium then transfers this plasmid into the tomato plant cells through a natural infection process. Once the gene is integrated into the plant's genome, the plant can produce high levels of flavonoids, resulting in a 'purple tomato'.

One advantage of genetic modification of the 'purple tomato' plant is that it can enhance nutritional value. The increased flavonoids can act as antioxidants, providing potential health benefits to consumers.

Growing herbicide-resistant corn allows farmers to effectively control weeds without damaging the crop. This leads to higher yields since crops can grow without competition for nutrients and sunlight, ultimately increasing the food supply.

The ladybird can be used to increase crop yield by acting as a natural predator of the European corn borer, which is a pest that damages corn plants. By controlling the corn borer population, ladybirds help protect the crops, leading to healthier plants and improved yields.