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Describe how the toxin gene from Bacillus thuringiensis is transferred to Agrobacterium tumefaciens. - Edexcel - GCSE Biology - Question 6 - 2016 - Paper 1

Question 6

Describe how the toxin gene from Bacillus thuringiensis is transferred to Agrobacterium tumefaciens.

Worked Solution & Example Answer:Describe how the toxin gene from Bacillus thuringiensis is transferred to Agrobacterium tumefaciens. - Edexcel - GCSE Biology - Question 6 - 2016 - Paper 1

Step 1

Agrobacterium plasmid cut using restriction enzymes

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Answer

The process begins with cutting the plasmid DNA of Agrobacterium tumefaciens using specific restriction enzymes. These enzymes recognize and cut the DNA at particular sequences, creating open sites for the insertion of the toxin gene.

Step 2

Gene isolated from Bacillus thuringiensis

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Answer

Next, the toxin gene is isolated from Bacillus thuringiensis, often using the same or compatible restriction enzymes to create matching ends that will allow for seamless insertion into the Agrobacterium plasmid.

Step 3

DNA ligation to form recombinant DNA

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Answer

Finally, the isolated toxin gene is ligated into the cut plasmid, forming recombinant DNA. This ligation process is facilitated by DNA ligase, which covalently bonds the DNA fragments, resulting in the Agrobacterium tumefaciens containing the toxin gene from Bacillus thuringiensis.

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