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The ratio of waist-to-hip measurements can be used to determine the risk of a person developing cardiovascular disease - Edexcel - GCSE Biology - Question 3 - 2016 - Paper 1

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The ratio of waist-to-hip measurements can be used to determine the risk of a person developing cardiovascular disease. (a) Calculate the waist-to-hip ratio for a... show full transcript

Worked Solution & Example Answer:The ratio of waist-to-hip measurements can be used to determine the risk of a person developing cardiovascular disease - Edexcel - GCSE Biology - Question 3 - 2016 - Paper 1

Step 1

(a) Calculate the waist-to-hip ratio for a person with a waist measurement of 830 mm and a hip measurement of 0.99m.

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Answer

The waist-to-hip ratio is calculated using the formula:

extWaist−to−HipRatio=Waist MeasurementHip Measurement ext{Waist-to-Hip Ratio} = \frac{\text{Waist Measurement}}{\text{Hip Measurement}}

Converting the hip measurement to mm:

Hip Measurement = 0.99 m = 990 mm

Now, substituting the values:

extWaist−to−HipRatio=830990 ext{Waist-to-Hip Ratio} = \frac{830}{990}

Calculating this gives:

Waist-to-Hip Ratio≈0.8384\text{Waist-to-Hip Ratio} \approx 0.8384

Rounding to two decimal places:

0.840.84

Step 2

(b) (i) Which statement gives a reason why dieting can be used to reduce weight in obese people?

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Answer

The correct answer is:
B) Dieting reduces energy consumption.
This statement is accurate since reducing calorie intake leads to weight loss.

Step 3

(b) (ii) State two other factors the scientist should control when selecting the people.

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Answer

  1. Physical activity level - ensure all participants have similar levels of activity to isolate the effect of the diet.
  2. Gender - controlling for gender ensures that gender-related differences in metabolism do not affect the results.

Step 4

(b) (iii) Devise a plan the scientist could use to test the effectiveness of the new diet using the 40 obese people.

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Answer

  1. Randomly assign participants into two groups: one following the new diet and the other following their usual diet.
  2. Set a duration for the study, such as 8-12 weeks.
  3. Measure baseline metrics (e.g., weight, waist-to-hip ratio, and overall health markers) at the start.
  4. Monitor progress with weekly check-ins to track adherence and make any necessary adjustments.
  5. Measure metrics again at the end of the study to compare the results between the two groups.
  6. Analyze the data to determine if the new diet led to significant weight loss or improvements in health markers.

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