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Cancer Research UK found that many people do not realise that obesity is linked to an increased risk of developing cancer - Edexcel - GCSE Biology - Question 9 - 2020 - Paper 1
Question 9
Cancer Research UK found that many people do not realise that obesity is linked to an increased risk of developing cancer. In the body, fat tissue sends signals tha... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Cancer Research UK found that many people do not realise that obesity is linked to an increased risk of developing cancer - Edexcel - GCSE Biology - Question 9 - 2020 - Paper 1
Step 1
Describe how this could cause cancer to develop.
Answer
Obesity can lead to cancer development through various mechanisms. Fat tissue produces hormones like estrogen, which can promote the growth of certain cancers, such as breast and endometrial cancer. Additionally, increased fat can lead to inflammation and changes in how other cells communicate and proliferate. This imbalance can cause uncontrollable cell division, a hallmark of cancer development.
Step 3
Determine how the impact of obesity on bowel cancer compares to the impact of obesity on all types of cancer.
Answer
The impact of obesity on bowel cancer is significant, accounting for 13% of cases, compared to the general statistic of 1 in 20 for all types of cancer. This indicates that obesity has a more pronounced effect on bowel cancer than on cancer in general, highlighting its specific risk factors and biological pathways that contribute to this particular type of cancer.
Step 4
Explain why the men have different BMI values.
Answer
The differences in BMI values between the two men, despite having the same mass of 80 kg, could be attributed to their height. BMI is calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters (BMI = weight / height²). Therefore, if one man is shorter, his BMI will be higher, categorizing him as obese, while the taller man, with the same weight, may fall into the normal weight category.
Step 5
Describe the different treatments available for cardiovascular disease.
Answer
Treatment options for cardiovascular disease include lifestyle changes, such as adopting a heart-healthy diet and engaging in regular physical activity. Medications, like statins and blood thinners, may also be prescribed to help manage cholesterol levels and blood pressure. In more severe cases, procedures like angioplasty or bypass surgery may be necessary to restore proper blood flow to the heart.