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2 The pie chart shows the causes of death of people who smoked tobacco - Edexcel - GCSE Biology - Question 2 - 2013 - Paper 1
Question 2
2 The pie chart shows the causes of death of people who smoked tobacco. (a) (i) Complete the sentence by putting a cross (✓) in the box next to your answer. Peop... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:2 The pie chart shows the causes of death of people who smoked tobacco - Edexcel - GCSE Biology - Question 2 - 2013 - Paper 1
Step 1
Step 2
Calculate how many of these people died from chronic bronchitis and emphysema.
Answer
The pie chart indicates that 20% of the individuals died from chronic bronchitis and emphysema. To calculate the number of people, use the formula:
ext{Number of deaths} = ext{Total sample} imes rac{ ext{Percentage}}{100} = 5000 imes rac{20}{100} = 1000Thus, 1000 people died from chronic bronchitis and emphysema.
Step 3
Explain how smoking tobacco can cause cancer.
Answer
Smoking tobacco contains harmful substances like tar. Tar is a known carcinogen, meaning it has the potential to cause cancer. When tobacco is smoked, tar accumulates in the lungs and can lead to DNA mutations, which may result in malignant cell growth. In summary, tobacco leads to mutations in cells which can cause cancer.
Step 4
Step 5
Describe the effect caffeine can have on the human body.
Answer
Caffeine acts as a central nervous system stimulant, which can increase alertness and reduce fatigue. It works by blocking the action of adenosine, a brain chemical involved in sleep. Additionally, caffeine can elevate heart rate and lead to increased energy levels.