Photo AI
The diagram shows a bacterial cell - Edexcel - GCSE Biology - Question 1 - 2012 - Paper 1
Question 1
The diagram shows a bacterial cell. (a) What is the part of the bacterial cell labelled Z? Put a cross (X) in the box next to your answer. A chromosomal DNA B fl... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:The diagram shows a bacterial cell - Edexcel - GCSE Biology - Question 1 - 2012 - Paper 1
Step 1
Step 2
Name two structures other than DNA, that bacterial cells have but animal cells do not.
Answer
- Plasmids - Small circular DNA molecules that are separate from chromosomal DNA, carrying additional genes.
- Cell wall - A rigid structure that provides support and protection, composed primarily of peptidoglycan.
Step 3
Describe how the plasmid can be used to genetically modify a bacterial cell to contain a human gene.
Answer
To genetically modify a bacterial cell using a plasmid, first, the human gene of interest must be inserted into the plasmid. This is done using restriction enzymes to cut the plasmid open at specific sequences. Then, the human gene is ligated into the plasmid to form a recombinant plasmid. This plasmid can then be introduced into the bacterial cell through a process called transformation. Once inside the bacterium, the plasmid replicates along with the cell’s own DNA, allowing the bacterium to express the human gene.
Step 4
Suggest how a named product from genetically modified (GM) bacteria can benefit humans.
Answer
One example of a product from GM bacteria is insulin. Genetically modified bacteria can be used to produce insulin, which is essential for the treatment of diabetes. This process allows for large-scale production and ensures a consistent supply of insulin, improving the quality of life for diabetics.