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The effect of age on focusing distance was investigated - Edexcel - GCSE Biology - Question 10 - 2019 - Paper 1
Question 10
The effect of age on focusing distance was investigated. Volunteers of different ages had their eyes tested. Each volunteer was asked to read words from a book. The ... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:The effect of age on focusing distance was investigated - Edexcel - GCSE Biology - Question 10 - 2019 - Paper 1
Step 1
Calculate the mean distance for the volunteers aged 50.
Answer
To calculate the mean distance for the volunteers aged 50, we can use the data provided for that age group:
- Distance (mm) for person 1: 301
- Distance (mm) for person 2: 307
- Distance (mm) for person 3: 309
We sum these distances:
Next, we divide by the number of measurements (3):
Thus, when rounded to three significant figures, the mean distance is 306 mm.
Step 2
Give one conclusion that can be made from the data in Figure 16.
Answer
One conclusion that can be made from the data in Figure 16 is that as age increases, the mean distance for reading words moves further away. This trend suggests that older individuals generally require a greater focusing distance compared to younger volunteers.
Step 3
Give two improvements that are needed in this investigation before a valid conclusion can be made.
Answer
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Increasing the sample size of volunteers to better represent different age groups, which would increase the reliability of the results.
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Including a control group that does not change the focusing distance to compare results against, ensuring any observed effects are due to age alone.
Step 4
Step 5
Describe how light rays are focused to give normal vision.
Answer
In a person with normal vision, light rays entering the eye pass through the cornea and then the lens, which is flexible and can change shape. The curvature of the lens adjusts to focus light onto the retina, where images are formed. This process allows clear vision of objects at various distances.
Step 6
Explain which lens would correct the eye defect shown in Figure 18.
Answer
In Figure 18, the light rays are diverging instead of converging onto the retina, which indicates a myopic (nearsighted) condition. To correct this eye defect, a concave lens (lens X), which diverges the light rays before they enter the eye, is required to help the rays converge correctly on the retina.