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6 (a) Figure 13 shows a kidney nephron - Edexcel - GCSE Biology - Question 6 - 2020 - Paper 1
Question 6
6 (a) Figure 13 shows a kidney nephron. (i) Structure X is the A glomerulus B Bowman's capsule C collecting duct D capillary (ii) Figure 14 shows the concentra... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:6 (a) Figure 13 shows a kidney nephron - Edexcel - GCSE Biology - Question 6 - 2020 - Paper 1
Step 1
Step 2
Explain why the concentration of glucose changes as it moves through the first coiled tubule.
Answer
As the filtrate passes through the first coiled tubule, glucose is actively reabsorbed into the bloodstream. The initial concentration of glucose in the filtrate is 6 millimoles per litre, but by the time it reaches the end of the tubule, the concentration drops to 0. This indicates that all the glucose has been reabsorbed, showcasing the nephron's ability to reclaim valuable nutrients from the filtrate.
Step 3
Step 4
Use the data in Figure 15 to compare the changes in the concentration of protein in the urine from person A and person B.
Answer
Both individuals have some protein in their urine; however, person A has less protein in their urine than person B. The amount of protein in the urine from person A is roughly the same, varying between 2 and 5 arbitrary units and showing slight fluctuations. Conversely, the concentration of protein in the urine from person B increases annually, changing from 25 to 106 arbitrary units, which signifies a deterioration in kidney function.
Step 5
Explain why this twin sister could be a suitable kidney donor for Person B.
Answer
The twin sister could be a suitable kidney donor because the kidney is less likely to be rejected due to a higher degree of genetic similarity. As they share the same genes/DNA, the body will have a lower immune response to the transplanted kidney. Furthermore, the donor can live well with only one kidney, making this a viable option for transplantation.