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6 (a) Calculate the percentage by mass of nitrogen in ammonium nitrate, NH₄NO₃ - Edexcel - GCSE Chemistry - Question 6 - 2016 - Paper 1
Question 6
6 (a) Calculate the percentage by mass of nitrogen in ammonium nitrate, NH₄NO₃. (relative atomic masses: H = 1.0, N = 14, O = 16) percentage by mass of nitrogen = _... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:6 (a) Calculate the percentage by mass of nitrogen in ammonium nitrate, NH₄NO₃ - Edexcel - GCSE Chemistry - Question 6 - 2016 - Paper 1
Step 1
Calculate the percentage by mass of nitrogen in ammonium nitrate, NH₄NO₃.
Answer
To find the percentage by mass of nitrogen in ammonium nitrate (NH₄NO₃), we first need to calculate the molar mass of NH₄NO₃:
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Calculate the molar mass of NH₄NO₃:
- Molar mass of N = 14 g/mol
- Molar mass of H = 1 g/mol (4 H atoms)
- Molar mass of O = 16 g/mol (3 O atoms)
Total molar mass = 14 + (4 × 1) + (3 × 16) = 14 + 4 + 48 = 66 g/mol.
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The total mass contributed by nitrogen:
- With 2 nitrogen atoms in the formula, the total mass of nitrogen = 2 × 14 = 28 g/mol.
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Now, calculate the percentage by mass of nitrogen:
Percentage by mass of nitrogen = ( \frac{28}{66} \times 100 \approx 42.4% )
Thus, the percentage by mass of nitrogen in the ammonium nitrate is approximately 42.4%.
Step 2
Calculate the maximum mass of titanium that can be obtained from 500 tonnes of titanium(IV) chloride.
Answer
To calculate the maximum mass of titanium obtained from 500 tonnes of TiCl₄:
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Determine the number of moles of TiCl₄:
- Given mass = 500 tonnes = 500,000 kg = 500,000,000 g.
- Molar mass of TiCl₄ = 190 g/mol.
Number of moles of TiCl₄ = ( \frac{500,000,000 ext{ g}}{190 ext{ g/mol}} \approx 2,631,578.947 \text{ mol} ).
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From the reaction: TiCl₄ + 4Na → Ti + 4NaCl, we see that 1 mol of TiCl₄ produces 1 mol of Ti.
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Therefore, the number of moles of titanium produced = 2,631,578.947 mol.
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Calculate the mass of titanium produced:
- Molar mass of Ti = 48 g/mol.
Mass of titanium = ( 2,631,578.947 ext{ mol} × 48 ext{ g/mol} \approx 126,315,789.5 ext{ g} = 126,315.79 ext{ kg} = 126.32 ext{ tonnes} ).
Thus, the maximum mass of titanium that can be obtained is approximately 126.32 tonnes.
Step 3
State a problem this may cause for the manufacturer.
Answer
One problem that unwanted by-products can cause for the manufacturer is increased production costs. By-products may require additional processing, disposal, or may complicate the purification of the desired product. This can lead to inefficiencies in production and increased waste management challenges, ultimately affecting both costs and environmental compliance.