Complete the sentence by putting a cross (X) in the box next to your answer - Edexcel - GCSE Chemistry - Question 3 - 2013 - Paper 1
Question 3
Complete the sentence by putting a cross (X) in the box next to your answer.
The particles in atoms are electrons, neutrons and protons.
The mass of an electron is... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Complete the sentence by putting a cross (X) in the box next to your answer - Edexcel - GCSE Chemistry - Question 3 - 2013 - Paper 1
Step 1
Complete the sentence by putting a cross (X) in the box next to your answer.
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Answer
The mass of an electron is C smaller than the mass of a proton. The mass of an electron is approximately 0.0005 atomic mass units, while the mass of a proton is approximately 1 atomic mass unit.
Step 2
Describe the number and type of particles in the nucleus of this atom.
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Answer
An oxygen atom has a total of 8 protons and 9 neutrons. The atomic number, which indicates the number of protons, is 8, and the mass number, which represents the total number of protons and neutrons combined, is 17. Thus, the nucleus contains these particles as follows: 8 protons and 17 - 8 = 9 neutrons.
Step 3
Explain, in terms of their electronic configurations, why they are both in group 6.
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Answer
Sulfur and oxygen both have the same number of electrons in their outer shell, which is 6. This configuration allows them to share or gain electrons to achieve a stable octet. For oxygen, the electronic configuration is 1s² 2s² 2p⁴, and for sulfur, it is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁴.
Step 4
Describe how these 15 electrons are arranged in a phosphorus atom.
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Answer
A phosphorus atom has 15 electrons arranged as follows: 2 electrons in the 1st shell, 8 electrons in the 2nd shell, and 5 electrons in the 3rd shell. This distribution corresponds to the electronic configuration of phosphorus, which is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p³.
Step 5
Describe what is meant by a covalent bond.
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Answer
A covalent bond is formed when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons in order to achieve a stable electronic configuration. This bond typically occurs between nonmetals.
Step 6
Give the empirical formula of this oxide.
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Answer
The empirical formula of phosphorus oxide is P2O5, which simplifies into the ratio P:O = 2:5.
