Gases, petrol, kerosene, diesel oil, fuel oil and bitumen are the fractions obtained from crude oil by fractional distillation - Edexcel - GCSE Chemistry - Question 3 - 2013 - Paper 1
Question 3
Gases, petrol, kerosene, diesel oil, fuel oil and bitumen are the fractions obtained from crude oil by fractional distillation.
Identify the fraction described in e... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Gases, petrol, kerosene, diesel oil, fuel oil and bitumen are the fractions obtained from crude oil by fractional distillation - Edexcel - GCSE Chemistry - Question 3 - 2013 - Paper 1
Step 1
(i) This fraction is more difficult to ignite than most other fractions and is used as a fuel in large ships.
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Answer
The fraction described is fuel oil. Fuel oil is known for its higher viscosity and difficulty to ignite compared to lighter fractions.
Step 2
(ii) This fraction is obtained from the top of the fractionating column.
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Answer
The fraction obtained from the top of the fractionating column is gases. This is because lighter fractions such as gases rise to the top where they condense.
Step 3
(iii) This fraction has a higher boiling point than kerosene and is used as a fuel for some cars.
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Answer
The fraction with a higher boiling point than kerosene is diesel oil. It is specifically used in diesel engines.
Step 4
Which of these cannot be a product of burning hydrocarbon fuels?
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Answer
The answer is A (carbon). Carbon itself cannot be a product, as burning hydrocarbons typically releases carbon dioxide, water, and sometimes carbon monoxide.
Step 5
(i) Balance this equation for the incomplete combustion of methane by putting numbers in the spaces provided.
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Answer
The balanced equation is:
2CH4+3O2→2CO+4H2O
Step 6
(ii) Carbon monoxide is a toxic gas and can cause death. Explain how carbon monoxide can cause death.
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Carbon monoxide (CO) is dangerous because it combines with hemoglobin in red blood cells, forming carboxyhemoglobin. This reaction reduces the blood's ability to carry oxygen, leading to a lack of oxygen to the brain and other vital organs, which can ultimately cause death.
Step 7
Explain a problem caused by growing plants to produce biofuels.
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One problem caused by growing plants for biofuels is the less food produced. The land and resources that can be used for food crops are diverted to biofuel production, which can lead to food shortages and increased prices.
