5. The principles of computer science are used in computer game design - Edexcel - GCSE Computer Science - Question 5 - 2021 - Paper 1

A game console requires RAM because RAM is volatile and allows faster data access for temporary storage. It helps in executing game code and rendering graphics dynamically while playing the game.

Logic is used in computer games through algorithms and decision-making processes that simulate real-life physics, behaviors, and interactions. For example, within game mechanics, logical conditions can trigger character actions based on player inputs or environmental factors, thus creating a more immersive experience.

The first two rows of pixels can be converted using RLE as follows:

• Row 1: 000 0011 (1 black pixel, 2 white pixels)
• Row 2: 010 0101 (1 grey pixel, 1 white pixel, 1 grey pixel, 1 white pixel)
• Combined:
  • 000 0011 (3 bits for color)
  • 010 0101 (also 3 bits for color) Hence, the final binary data is:

000 0011
010 0101

To find the maximum saving in bits:

Let’s denote:

• Total pixels = 10 * 9 = 90
• Rows = 15
• Total bits without compression = 90 * 15
• Bits used per pixel = 7, RLE for run lengths is 6 bits. Hence, total bits = $(10\times 9)\times 7 - (10\times 9)\times 6 = (10\times 9)\times(7-6) = 90$ bits saved.

Thus, the expression is:

(10\times 9)\times(7-6)
```.